CRA
EU Cyber Resilience Act — European Parliament / Council
Also known as: Cyber Resilience Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/2847, EU CRA
At a glance
- Current version
- Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 (as corrected October 2025)
- Published 17 October 2025. source
- Status
- In force
- Who must comply
- Manufacturers, importers and distributors of hardware and software products with a data connection to a device or network that are made available on the EU market. source
- How it is assessed
- Most products are self-assessed by the manufacturer; important products may need a notified body, and critical products may need a European cybersecurity certificate. source
- Authority
- Adopted by the European Parliament and the Council. National market surveillance authorities enforce it; manufacturers report exploited vulnerabilities and severe incidents to CSIRTs and ENISA through ENISA's Single Reporting Platform. source source
- Enforced by
- National market surveillance authorities enforce the CRA and can fine up to EUR 15 million or 2.5% of worldwide turnover. source
- Last change
EU regulation requiring cybersecurity-by-design for products with digital elements sold in the EU. Manufacturers, importers, and distributors must meet essential security requirements, handle vulnerabilities, and report actively exploited ones.
Recent changes
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Medium
Bundestag adopts CRA implementation law – BSI becomes supervisory authority
The German Bundestag has adopted the implementation law for the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA), establishing the national legal framework for mandatory cybersecurity requirements for products with …
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Low
Vulnerability reporting obligations under CRA come into force in the EU
As of 11 September 2026, Article 14 of the Cyber Resilience Act (EU Regulation 2024/2847) becomes applicable in the EU, establishing horizontal cybersecurity requirements for products …
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Medium
Meldepflicht für Schwachstellen und Sicherheitsvorfälle startet
Ab dem 11. September 2026 müssen Hersteller von Produkten mit digitalen Elementen im EU-Binnenmarkt aktiv ausgenutzte Schwachstellen und schwerwiegende Sicherheitsvorfälle melden. Die Meldungen erfolgen EU-weit einheitlich …
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Info
EU proposes Public Procurement Act consolidating directives and amending regulations
The European Commission proposes a new Public Procurement Act that consolidates the three 2014 procurement directives (2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU, and 2014/25/EU) into a single regulation and amends …
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Key dates
Add these dates to your calendar- in 137 days EHDS amendments to CRA Articles 13, 31 and 32 apply
- in 397 days The CRA applies in full, including the essential requirements; open-source software stewards' reporting duties start
- in 1493 days Commission review of the CRA due (Article 70(1))
- Article 14 reporting of actively exploited vulnerabilities and severe incidents applies; ENISA launches the Single Reporting Platform
- Rules on notified conformity assessment bodies (Chapter IV) apply
- Commission adopts Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2392 describing the important and critical product categories
- The CRA enters into force
Amendments
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Public procurement proposal, COM(2026) 590 Draft
Commission proposal for a regulation on public contracts and concessions that would delete CRA Article 5 (public procurement) and move that rule into its own Article 68. source
More
- Not adopted; the European Parliament lists procedure 2026/0265(COD) in its preparatory phase.
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Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 (as corrected October 2025) ErrataCurrent text
Corrigendum renumbering the CRA's entry in the Annex to Directive (EU) 2020/1828 (Article 67) from 69 to 72. source
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Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 (as corrected July 2025) Errata
Corrigendum to Article 64(10): the exemptions from fines (late early warnings by micro and small manufacturers, open-source stewards) cover paragraphs 2 to 9, not 3 to 9. source
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Amended by the EHDS, Regulation (EU) 2025/327 Amendment
The European Health Data Space Regulation amends CRA Articles 13(4), 31(3) and adds Article 32(5a), so EHR systems show CRA conformity through the EHDS procedure. source
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- The changes apply from 26 March 2027.
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Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 (as corrected December 2024) Errata
Corrigendum to the title of the Regulation. source
Show 1 older amendment
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Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 Major version
The Cyber Resilience Act, published in the Official Journal on 20 November 2024. source
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- It entered into force on 10 December 2024.
Who it applies to
The CRA covers products with digital elements that connect to a device or network, whoever places them on the EU market.
- Products
- Products with digital elements made available on the market whose intended or reasonably foreseeable use includes a direct or indirect data connection to a device or network (Article 2(1)). source
- Excluded
- Products under the medical device, in vitro diagnostic and vehicle type-approval regulations, products certified under the aviation regulation, and marine equipment (Article 2(2)-(4)). source
- Higher-risk products
- Important products (classes I and II, Annex III) and critical products (Annex IV) face stricter conformity assessment; Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2392 describes those categories technically. source source
- Products already on sale
- Products placed on the market before 11 December 2027 are covered only after a substantial modification, but the Article 14 reporting duties apply to them anyway (Article 69(2)-(3)). source
How compliance is assessed
Most products are self-assessed by the manufacturer; important products may need a notified body, and critical products may need a European cybersecurity certificate.
- Default route
- Internal control (module A), EU-type examination (modules B and C), full quality assurance (module H), or a European cybersecurity certification scheme where available (Article 32(1)). source
- Important, class I
- Self-assessment only if harmonised standards, common specifications or a certification scheme are applied in full; otherwise module B+C or H (Article 32(2)). source
- Important, class II
- Module B+C, module H, or a European cybersecurity certificate at assurance level at least "substantial" (Article 32(3)). source
- Vulnerability handling
- Manufacturers handle vulnerabilities for the support period, which is at least five years unless the product is expected to be in use for less (Article 13(8)). source
- Reporting
- For an actively exploited vulnerability or a severe incident: early warning within 24 hours, notification within 72 hours, then a final report within 14 days of a fix being available (vulnerabilities) or within one month of the notification (incidents) (Article 14). source source
Enforcement and penalties
National market surveillance authorities enforce the CRA and can fine up to EUR 15 million or 2.5% of worldwide turnover.
Up to EUR 15 million or 2.5%
Breaching the essential cybersecurity requirements of Annex I or the obligations of Articles 13 and 14; 2.5% of total worldwide annual turnover if higher (Article 64(2)). source
Up to EUR 10 million or 2%
Breaching other obligations, including those of importers, distributors and notified bodies (Articles 18-23, 28, 30-33, 39, 41, 47, 49 and 53) (Article 64(3)). source
Up to EUR 5 million or 1%
Supplying incorrect, incomplete or misleading information to notified bodies or market surveillance authorities (Article 64(4)). source
- Market surveillance
- Market surveillance authorities check products and can require corrective action, withdrawal or recall (Article 52 and following). source
- No fines
- Micro and small manufacturers that miss the 24-hour early warning deadline, and open-source software stewards, are not subject to these fines (Article 64(10), as corrected in July 2025). source source
- Consumer actions
- Consumers can bring representative actions against infringements under Directive (EU) 2020/1828 (Article 65). source
Documents
- Law text Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 (Cyber Resilience Act)
- Law text Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2392 - technical description of important and critical products
- Law text Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/1535 - exclusion of certain products under Regulation (EU) No 168/2013
- Law text Delegated Regulation (EU) 2026/881 - delaying the dissemination of notifications on cybersecurity grounds
- Guidance Cyber Resilience Act - Reporting obligations (Commission page)
Show 1 more document
Verified against official sources on 18 October 2026. We monitor the official sources for this framework. Watching since 7 September 2026. Subscribe to CRA (RSS)